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You will find here essential guidance for several common citation styles, and links to additional resources. Use the tabbed menus above to find information relevant to your citation needs.
If you have specific citation questions, feel free to contact any of the librarians listed on this page!
Citation is a basic and essential part of academic writing at university.
Understanding the rules of citation in academic writing will also help you to avoid plagiarizing unintentionally. Plagiarism means taking someone else's words or ideas and passing them off as your own.
Plagiarism of any sort is not tolerated at HKBU.
The penalties for plagiarism at the University are severe. Learn how to cite properly so that you avoid this serious offence!
What exactly is a citation? The video below explains in less than a minute!
Academics in different disciplines use different citation styles.
In this guide, we will cover three different citation styles in detail.
For those studying Social Sciences or Psychology
you will commonly use APA style.
For those studying Humanities
you will commonly use MLA style.
For those studying Visual Arts or History
you will commonly use Chicago style.
For those studying Science
there are many different styles - ask your professor which one you should be using.
For a detailed comparison of APA, MLA and Chicago citation styles, a citation style chart is available at the PurdueOWL.
There are many dozens of different citation styles out there. If the one you need help with isn't covered in this guide, come and ask a librarian!
There are many online tools that make citations easier to manage. However, remember that automatic citation tools are never perfect. You still need to understand the rules for your citation style in order to spot mistakes.
Here are some good ones:
YouTube videos embedded in accordance with clause 4A of the YouTube Terms of Service
Some of the examples in this Guide were taken from Excelsior OWL, Miami University Library, and Red Deer College Library
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